Colombian President President Gustavo Petro declared a state of emergency Friday in response to escalating violence between the National Liberation Army (ELN) and “dissident” factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).
The declaration grants Petro special powers for 90 days and allows the government to impose curfews and traffic restrictions to restore order. Petro may also extend that period two times, the second time requiring congressional approval.
The recent clashes have resulted in at least 80 fatalities and the displacement of approximately 36,000 individuals. The ELN has intensified its offensive to reclaim control over Catatumbo, a region rich in coca cultivation and natural resources. Among the deceased are multiple demobilized former FARC guerrillas and at least one farmers representative.
The Ombudsman’s Office reports severe human rights violations, including killings of community leaders, forced displacements and kidnappings. Morgues in Cúcuta and Ocaña are overwhelmed, exceeding capacity due to the influx of bodies.
In response to the crisis, the Colombian Army has launched “Operation Catatumbo”, deploying additional troops to secure critical areas and protect civilians, particularly in the municipality of Tibú. General Luis Emilio Cardozo, the Army’s commander, expressed optimism about regaining control within one-to-two weeks.
Petro has suspended peace talks with the ELN, citing the group’s lack of commitment to the peace process. He condemned the ELN’s actions in Catatumbo as war crimes, especially the attacks on civilians and former combatants.
The government’s declaration of a state of emergency has elicited mixed reactions. Critics say it may violate Columbia’s Constitution, while activists hope it could lead to improved infrastructure and public services.
The conflict has also had cross-border implications, with approximately 3,000 displaced individuals seeking refuge in neighboring Venezuela. The UN has denounced the severe human rights violations occurring in the area, highlighting the urgent need for international attention and intervention.
Catatumbo has long been a conflict zone in Colombia, with groups fighting for control of its coca production and strategic location. The current crisis underscores the persistent challenges the Colombian government faces in its efforts to achieve lasting peace and stability.
