The International Rescue Committee (IRC) declared on Wednesday that Sudan is currently experiencing the worst humanitarian crisis ever recorded.

The report highlights that approximately 30.4 million people — over half of Sudan’s population — are in urgent need of humanitarian assistance, a staggering figure that accounts for 10 percent of all people globally requiring aid, despite Sudan representing less than 1 percent of the world’s population. The IRC’s report emphasizes the dire situation, highlighting further that health services have been critically impacted, with more than 70 percent of health facilities nonfunctional and widespread outbreaks of diseases like cholera and malaria threatening already vulnerable populations.

This crisis has been fuelled by a brutal civil war that erupted in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. The conflict has resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands and displaced over 12 million people, with nearly nine million internally displaced within the country. The ongoing violence has devastated infrastructure, leading to severe shortages of food, water, and medical supplies. The United Nations reports that about 26 million people are facing acute hunger, with famine conditions declared in some areas, particularly in Darfur. Targeted attacks and plundering of humanitarian supplies have significantly restricted access to vital aid and essential services as a result of the ongoing conflict.

Before this conflict, Sudan was grappling with significant humanitarian issues stemming from political instability and economic hardship following the ousting of long-time leader Omar al-Bashir in 2019. The military coup in 2021 further exacerbated these conditions, leading to increased violence and displacement. Sudan’s history of conflict dates back to the Darfur crisis beginning in 2003, which has contributed to a complex landscape of humanitarian needs that have now reached unprecedented levels due to the current civil war. The international community’s response has been inadequate, with funding for humanitarian efforts remaining significantly below needs, with only 57 percent of the $2.7 billion appeal for 2024 met as of late 2024.

The 2025 Emergency Watchlist identifies the 20 countries most at risk of experiencing significant humanitarian crises in the upcoming year. This annual report highlights the urgent need for international attention and action, as these nations account for over 82 percent of global humanitarian needs despite representing only 11 percent of the world’s population. The top five countries on this year’s watchlist are Sudan, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Myanmar, Syria and South Sudan.