Senior leaders from the Palestinian political groups Fatah and Hamas signed a joint statement known as “Beijing Declaration to End the Division and Strengthen Palestinian National Unity” in Beijing on Tuesday, signalling an effort to bridge longstanding divisions. This agreement was brokered by China, aiming to enhance its position as a global mediator.

According to a copy of the document seen by NBC News, the statement outlines the formation of an interim “national unity government” overseeing the West Bank, Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, with plans to eventually hold elections. Leaders from the factions committed to a roadmap for achieving unity after three days of discussions in Beijing. It also emphasizes resistance to displacement efforts in Gaza, the West Bank, and Jerusalem, and denounces settlement expansion as illegal under international law.

Following the talks, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi described the event as a “historic moment for the cause of Palestine’s liberation.” He emphasized a consensus on forming an interim national reconciliation government to manage Gaza post-conflict and reiterated China’s support for a comprehensive and lasting ceasefire. Wang also called for an international peace conference to advance a two-state solution.

The rivalry between Fatah and Hamas intensified after Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, leading to a power struggle with Fatah. This conflict culminated in violent clashes in 2007, resulting in Hamas taking control of the Gaza Strip while Fatah retained authority in the West Bank. The split has led to separate governance structures and ongoing disputes over political legitimacy and control of Palestinian territories.