The European Union voted unanimously on Friday to introduce a broad range of legal protections for refugees fleeing the war in Ukraine — an announcement that came on the heels of accusations by UN officials and human rights activists of racial discrimination against refugees of color.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as of the time of writing, upwards of 1.2 million people had fled Ukraine since Russia launched a large-scale invasion of the sovereign nation on February 24. Of those, more than 600,000 had fled into Poland, and nearly 150,000 had sought refuge in Hungary.

The EU statement noted that the temporary-protection mechanism adopted this week would streamline the asylum-seeking process, thereby granting refugees the rights to live, work, study, and receive medical care across the European Union. The measures were adopted initially for one year, but can be extended, according to the statement.

But in recent days, advocacy groups and international organizations have sounded the alarm over difficulties faced by people of color attempting to cross the border, both by Ukrainian and European authorities.

“We recognize the support shown to Africans and people of African descent seeking safety in neighboring countries including by organizations or individuals of African descent. There have, however, been many reports of officials preventing international students of African descent and their dependents from crossing the Ukrainian border. Several individual and media reports indicate regulation of Ukrainian trains, buses, as well as borders themselves, to deny or delay freedom of movement to people of African descent until all white migrants and asylum seeker have been accommodated. Others have indicated ongoing measures to force people of African descent to the back of queues fleeing the armed conflict,” UN officials warned on Thursday.

“Other reports indicate the racialized denial of entry for people of African descent into some neighboring countries. Even where they have been granted entry to third countries, people of African descent have reported restrictions including visas issued for two weeks or fewer,” the officials said.

The African Union also expressed concern, saying in a statement on Monday: “Reports that Africans are singled out for unacceptable dissimilar treatment would be shockingly racist and in breach international law. In this regard, The Chairpersons urge all countries to respect international law and show the same empathy and support to all people fleeing war notwithstanding their racial identity.”

In passing the temporary protection measure, the European Union was clear the measure would apply to Ukrainians and non-Ukrainians alike. “Ukrainian nationals, as well as third country nationals or stateless persons benefiting from international protection in Ukraine and their family members will benefit from temporary protection if they resided in Ukraine before or on 24 February 2022. For third country nationals residing in Ukraine before or on 24 February with a permanent residence permit and who cannot safely return to their country member states shall apply either temporary protection or adequate protection under their national law,” the EU statement read.

Noting this development, Human Rights Watch on Friday urged EU officials to “make it clear to Ukrainian authorities that all non-Ukrainian nationals, including people without valid travel documents, are given access to EU territories to either benefit from temporary protection or on humanitarian grounds, including for safe passage or repatriation to their countries of origin.”

Leading up to the unanimous EU vote, in the days since Russia invaded Ukraine, Western powers have acted with surprising cohesion to impose unprecedentedly harsh sanctions, supply military equipment to Ukraine’s beleaguered forces, and close airspace to Russian jets.

On Wednesday, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) voted to adopt a resolution demanding an end to Russia’s military operations in Ukraine, and affirming Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity. Of 193 member states, 141 voted in favor of the resolution, 35 abstained, and five — Russia, along with Belarus, North Korea, Eritrea, and Syria — voted against it. The UN Security Council had convened the UNGA meeting using a special mechanism that had not been used for 40 years given the gravity of the Ukraine situation.