Beef producers marketing campaign ruling [US SC] News
Beef producers marketing campaign ruling [US SC]

Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association, Supreme Court of the United States, Justice Scalia, May 23, 2005 [ruling that the government had the right to force beef producers to pay for a multi-million dollar marketing campaign even though some individual cattle farmers disagreed with the program]. Read the full text of the opinion here [PDF]. Reported in JURIST's Paper Chase here.

THIS DAY @ LAW

European Community established

On January 1, 1958, the European Community (EC), the predecessor to the European Union (EU), was created when the Treaty of Rome officially went into effect. This represented the culmination of efforts since the end of World War II to closely tie the nations of Europe as a way of preventing future wars. The original members were France, West Germany, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The EC has since expanded to become the EU, encompassing most of Europe in the fifty years since its creation. Learn more about the early development of the EC from 1945 through 1959.

Emancipation Proclamation final version issued

On January 1, 1863, US President Abraham Lincoln issued the final version of the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves in states in rebellion against the Union. Lincoln had issued a previous version in September 1862, warning of the January action. Learn more about the Emancipation Proclamation.