Amending Executive Order No. 10163, the Armed Forces Reserve Medal

Documents

Amending Executive Order No. 10163, the Armed Forces Reserve Medal

August 6, 1996 12:00:00 am

Federal Register, Volume 61 Issue 155 (Friday, August 9, 1996)

[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 155 (Friday, August 9, 1996)]
[Presidential Documents]
[Pages 41483-41484]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-20531]
                        Presidential Documents
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 155 / Friday, August 9, 1996 /
Presidential Documents
___________________________________________________________________
Title 3--
The President
[[Page 41483]]
                Executive Order 13013 of August 6, 1996
Amending Executive Order No. 10163, the Armed
                Forces
                Reserve Medal
                By the authority vested in me as President by the
                Constitution and the laws of the United States,
                including my authority as Commander in Chief of the
                Armed Forces of the United States, it is hereby ordered
                that Executive Order No. 10163, as amended, is further
                amended by striking out sections 3 and 4 and inserting
                in lieu thereof the following new sections 3 and 4:
                    ``3. The Armed Forces Reserve Medal may be awarded
                to members or former members of the reserve components
                of the Armed Forces of the United States who meet one
                or more of the following three criteria.
                       a. The member has completed a total of 10 years
                of honorable service in one or more of such reserve
                components, including annual active duty and inactive
                duty training as required by appropriate regulations,
                provided that (1) such 10 years of service was
                performed within a period of 12 consecutive years, (2)
                such service shall not include service in a regular
                component of the armed forces, including the Coast
                Guard, but (A) service in a reserve component that is
                concurrent, in whole or in part, with service in a
                regular component of the armed forces shall be included
                in computing the required 10 years of reserve service,
                and (B) any period of time during which reserve service
                is interrupted by service in a regular component of the
                armed forces shall be excluded in computing, and shall
                not be considered a break in, the said period of 12
                consecutive years, and (3) such service shall not
                include service for which the Naval Reserve Medal or
                the Marine Corps Reserve Medal has been or may be
                awarded.
                       b. On or after August 1, 1990, the member was
                called to active duty and served under sections
                12301(a), 12302, 12304, 12406 (formerly sections
                672(a), 673, 673b, 3500, and 8500) and Chapter 15 of
                title 10, United States Code, or, in the case of the
                United States Coast Guard Reserve, section 712 of title
                14, United States Code.
                       c. On or after August 1, 1990, the member
                volunteered and served on active duty in support of
                specific U.S. military operations or contingencies
                designated by the Secretary of Defense.
                    4. Not more than one Armed Forces Reserve Medal may
                be awarded to any one person. The member shall receive
                the medal with the distinctive design of the reserve
                component with which the person served at the time of
                award or in which such person last served. The medal is
                awarded with the appropriate appurtenance that denotes
                the manner in which the award was earned, either
                through completion of 10 years of service,
                mobilization, or volunteering for, and serving on,
                active duty in support of operations or contingencies
                designated by the Secretary of Defense. For each
                succeeding mobilization, volunteering for, and serving
                on, active duty in support of operations or
                contingencies, or 10-year period of service as above
                described,
[[Page 41484]]
                and a suitable appurtenance may be awarded, to be worn
                with the medal in accordance with appropriate
                regulations.''
                    (Presidential Sig.)
                THE WHITE HOUSE,
                     August 6, 1996.
[FR Doc. 96-20531
Filed 8-8-96; 8:45 am]
Billing code 3195-01-P

Martin Luther King Jr. wrote his Letter from Birmingham Jail

On April 16, 1963, an incarcerated Martin Luther King, Jr. (arrested for demonstrating in defiance of a court order) wrote his Letter from Birmingham Jail in response to a published statement by eight fellow clergymen from Alabama. Part of the letter read: We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but we stiff creep at horse-and-buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter. Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging dark of segregation to say, "Wait." But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky, and see her beginning to distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people; when you have to concoct an answer for a five-year-old son who is asking: "Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?"; when you take a cross-county drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you; when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading "white" and "colored"; when your first name becomes "nigger," your middle name becomes "boy" (however old you are) and your last name becomes "John," and your wife and mother are never given the respected title "Mrs."; when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of "nobodiness" then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer willing to be plunged into the abyss of despair. I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience. Read the full text of the letter.